The Society

Living in the Kamouraska area

When Dumont photographs the Kamouraska area and its inhabitants

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Five children, approximately 10 years old, smiling, sitting in the grass in front of a tree.

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1925Photographe: Photographer: Marie-Alice Dumont

One of the Dumont family’s favourite pastimes was visiting relatives on the weekends. In this photo, Marie-Alice Dumont captures one of those cherished moments between cousins.

9 cm X 15 cmMarie-Alice Dumont collection, MBSL, d1553
Five children, approximately 10 years old, smiling, sitting in the grass in front of a tree.
Marie-Alice Dumont’s photographs offer an extraordinary glimpse into life in early 20th-century Kamouraska. Whether captured in her studio, in the family home or out in the community, her images bring locals’ everyday experiences to life.

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1923-1928Photographe: Photographer: Marie-Alice Dumont

Skiing has been practised in Quebec since the late 19th century. By the time this photo was taken, in the 1920s, the sport was rapidly gaining popularity across the province, and the Bas-Saint-Laurent region was no exception.

7 cm X 12 cmMarie-Alice Dumont collection, MBSL, d0092
Young woman posing in front of a house, in winter, with her skis.

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1934-1939Photographe: Photographer: Marie-Alice Dumont

Picnicking on the shoreline was one of the most popular summer activities in Kamouraska during Dumont’s time. At the centre of this photo, lying down, is Rosalie Bergeron, the photographer’s adopted sister.

11 cm X 7 cmMarie-Alice Dumont collection, MBSL, d1627a
11 young boys and girls and one adult man picnicking on the beach.

Marie-Alice Dumont’s photography is just as valuable for its artistic beauty as its historical significance. Beyond their visual appeal, her images allow us to step into a bygone era to explore a particular time and place. This section, organized by themes, invites us to discover Marie-Alice Dumont’s Kamouraska: religious life and life in the village, leisure activities and family moments, children, men and women—not to mention the breathtaking landscapes that the region is known for.

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Families

In early 20th-century Kamouraska, most of the community was made up of large French Canadian families living in rural or small-town settings. For these residents, having a portrait taken by a photographer was a big event, and they would often dress up in their finest outfits for a visit to Marie-Alice Dumont. When visiting her siblings, Marie-Alice often brought her camera along to capture them on their land or in front of their home. Families really were the cornerstone of her work.

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1941Photographe: Photographer: Marie-Alice Dumont

In rural Quebec, large families remained the norm well into the 1950s. So-called “complete” families, where both parents lived to at least age 50, had, on average, eight or nine children. Marie-Alice Dumont did not have to look far for examples; one of such family was that of her sister Émilia and husband, Flavius Ouellet.

21 cm X 17 cmMarie-Alice Dumont collection, MBSL, d7272
Studio portrait of a family including both parents and their 15 children.

III
Women

Women held a central role in Marie-Alice Dumont’s photography. As the backbone of family life in early 20th-century Kamouraska, they frequently starred in studio portraits celebrating motherhood and family ties. But her focus was not only on domestic life—she also captured women in other contexts. In some images, they can be seen working or at leisure. As a versatile photographer, Dumont offers us precious snapshots of daily life from a woman’s perspective.

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1894-1990 [1926-1953]Photographe: Photographer: Marie-Alice Dumont

The photographer chose to portray Dolorès Garneau in a pose that reflects her profession. With pencil in hand, an open book in front of her and a thoughtful posture, the schoolteacher appears to be preparing a lesson.

10 cm X 12 cmMarie-Alice Dumont collection, MBSL, d8368
Studio portrait of a young woman in uniform, her head resting on one hand, a pencil in the other hand, pretending to write in an open book placed on a table in front of her.

IV
Men

The men in Marie-Alice Dumont’s photographs were often her family, neighbours or close friends. Her portraits reflect her connection to her subjects and her community. Beyond the studio, her camera, guided by her curiosity, captured everything: road workers, the local doctor caring for patients, and her father, Uldéric, tackling day-to-day chores. In the studio, she photographed fathers, friends, sons, suitors and workers.

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1894-1990 [1920-1961]Photographe: Photographer: Marie-Alice Dumont

Many men in Dumont’s era were skilled tradesmen who played vital roles in their community. In 1952, during the creation of Saint-Alexandre’s centennial souvenir album, the family of Ludger Chouinard used this photograph to pay tribute to the local shoemakers, their “homage to cobblers.”

14 cm X 8 cmMarie-Alice Dumont collection, MBSL, d8257
A man standing behind the counter of a cobbler's shop.

V
Youth

Marie-Alice Dumont’s photos reveal just how much she and her contemporaries valued young people. Many portraits of boys and girls were taken in her studio to mark formal occasions, such as first communions, confirmations or graduations. In a more casual setting, babies and children from Kamouraska families frequently found themselves in front of the photographer’s lens. Small babies were photographed alone or with their mothers. Outside the studio, Marie-Alice regularly captured the young people around her, including her many nieces and nephews. Occasionally, she gives us a glimpse of the pastimes and hobbies of Kamouraska’s youth: a picnic here, a group of friends playing in the village there, or simple everyday moments when visiting her loved ones.

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1920-1961 [probably 1930s]Photographe: Photographer: Marie-Alice Dumont

The St. Lawrence River has always been part of daily life for young people in Kamouraska. Today, just as in the early 20th century, it is a place to swim, play and spend time outdoors. The boys in this image are likely Marie-Alice Dumont’s nephews.

4 cm X 6 cmMarie-Alice Dumont collection, MBSL, d7103
Three young boys swimming in the St. Lawrence River and teasing each other.

VI
Life in the village and countryside

Marie-Alice Dumont had endless opportunities to document the rhythms of rural and village life. Her photographs vividly capture quintessential moments: the sugaring off season, a tractor parade, relatives arriving by horse-drawn sleigh and visits from travelling merchants. These snapshots show us the everyday life of Kamouraska’s residents during the first half of the 20th century.

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1894-1990 [1920-1961]Photographe: Photographer: Marie-Alice Dumont

Where might this group of young people be headed, piled onto a tractor and the trailer it is pulling? It must have been a special occasion, although it was hardly unusual to see people of all ages getting around town or country this way.

12 cm X 8 cmMarie-Alice Dumont collection, MBSL, d8134m
Four young boys on a tractor pulling a wagon on which about fifteen boys and girls are sitting.

VII
Religious life

In Marie-Alice Dumont’s time, Catholicism was a cornerstone of Francophone Quebec society. How many young communicants did she photograph? How many ceremonies? How many priests and nuns posed in her studio? Her photographs abound with religious symbols and imagery, underscoring the profound role faith played in the community. A devout believer herself, Marie-Alice’s work is steeped in the deeply religious atmosphere of her time.

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1934-1935Photographe: Photographer: Marie-Alice Dumont

At the time this photo was taken, most Catholic families observed the sacraments faithfully. Miss Gisèle Soucy poses here with confidence, as the photographer is well practised in capturing beautiful confirmation portraits.

11 cm X 15 cmMarie-Alice Dumont collection, MBSL, d2059
Young girl in a studio kneeling at a prie Dieu (prayer stool), wearing a white dress, gloves, and veil, flanked by a fleur-de-lys, a diploma, and a book on a stool.

VIII
The country landscape

Along with Charlevoix, Kamouraska ranks among Quebec’s earliest and most beloved tourist destinations. The region’s breathtaking scenery has been drawing visitors since the 19th century, captivating them with its stunning sunsets, sweeping views of the St. Lawrence River, tranquil fields and distinctive the solitary hills, called cabourons, unique to the area. For Marie-Alice Dumont, however, these picturesque landscapes were part of her daily life. In her photography, they often serve as striking backdrops, setting the stage for her subjects. Occasionally, though, the scenery takes centre stage, becoming the focal point of her work.

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1934-1939Photographe: Photographer: Marie-Alice Dumont

Uldéric Dumont stands proudly in the middle of the orchard, which he tended with his eldest son, François, and his photographer daughter. Is he the subject of the photograph, or did Dumont wish, instead, to capture the majesty of the surrounding landscape?

11 cm X 6 cmMarie-Alice Dumont collection, MBSL, d1436a
Uldéric Dumont standing in the middle of his orchard.

IX
Leisure and holidays in Kamouraska

Kamouraska has long been a favourite destination for vacations in Quebec. During Marie-Alice Dumont’s era, tourism in the region was flourishing, driven by the rise of the automobile and the newfound freedom it offered. Was it to amuse tourists that local boys hitched up their dogs in playful costumes? Perhaps—but the people of Kamouraska did not need an excuse to enjoy the beauty of their local area. Picnics by the river, swimming and outdoor sports are just a few of the pastimes immortalized by Dumont’s camera.

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1894-1990 [probably 1920s]Photographe: Photographer: Marie-Alice Dumont

Dumont photographed several dog-drawn sleds, which were used in both summer and winter, sometimes to transport children. In the 1920s, local residents would also entertain tourists in this way. These visitors, often city dwellers from the United States, would leave convinced that French Canadians had preserved a traditional and rustic way of life. One can only wonder what purpose the sleds in this photograph once served.

14 cm X 9 cmMarie-Alice Dumont collection, MBSL, d7157
Two boys each driving a cart to which a costumed dog is harnessed.

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Special events

Marie-Alice Dumont’s work comes alive through its vivid portrayal of remarkable events. Imagine the sight of an airplane arriving in Saint-Alexandre in 1928—pulled by horses! Nor did her sharp eye miss major gatherings and celebrations, from the 1946 Congrès Lacordaire and the village’s centennial to the ever-popular agricultural fairs. Even Quebec’s infamous winter storms earned a place in Dumont’s collection, including the towering snowbanks that nearly swallowed the front of her house.

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1928 [June 4, 1928]Photographe: Photographer: Marie-Alice Dumont

The transport of this airplane in 1928 must have caused quite a stir in Saint-Alexandre. Villagers can be seen gathered along the roadside, eager to witness the spectacle. The contrast is striking between the “modernity” represented by the airplane and the horses, a mode of transport that had endured for millennia.

13 cm X 8 cmMarie-Alice Dumont collection, MBSL, d1629
An airplane pulled by horses being transported down a village street.